Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Improving the thermal structure predictions in the Yellow Sea by conducting targeted observations in the CNOP-identified sensitive areas

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98994-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Plan view of the locations of the five temperature profile buoy stations (red stars), thirty-six XBT stations (triangles), and twenty-one shipboard CTD stations (circles). The differences in the deployment times of the XBT and shipboard CTD observations are distinguished by different colors. The red box indicates the location of the target region. The topography is indicated by shading. The bottom-right insert shows the model area, in which the write box indicates the position of the study area and the red lines indicate the section locations used for vertical thermal structure validation. Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ) with M_Map v1.4 (a mapping package, http://www.eos.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ).

Article Snippet: Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ) with M_Map v1.4 (a mapping package, http://www.eos.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Improving the thermal structure predictions in the Yellow Sea by conducting targeted observations in the CNOP-identified sensitive areas

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98994-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Temperature validation between the monthly-mean climatology (Aug) simulations and observations. ( a , b ) Comparison of the sea surface temperature between the model results and MODIS data. The red box indicates the location of the target region. The simulated current field at the depth of 10 m is also shown in ( a ). ( c ) M 2 barotropic cotidal chart with amplitude (colors) and cophase (white lines) lines. (d , e) Comparison of the along section (35°N) temperature between the model results and the observations redrawn from the Atlas of Ocean Data in the China Seas. Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ) with M_Map v1.4 (a mapping package, http://www.eos.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ).

Article Snippet: Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ) with M_Map v1.4 (a mapping package, http://www.eos.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Improving the thermal structure predictions in the Yellow Sea by conducting targeted observations in the CNOP-identified sensitive areas

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98994-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Location of the identified sensitive area for the last climatology year (blue color). The CNOP are normalized according to their maximum value. The gray box indicates the location of the target region and the green dots denote the grid points in the target region. The 20–60 m isobaths are also shown. ( b ) Temporal evolution of the mean temperature profile RMSEs in the target region during the prediction time based on the 20 sets of replace experiments. Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Article Snippet: Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ) with M_Map v1.4 (a mapping package, http://www.eos.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Improving the thermal structure predictions in the Yellow Sea by conducting targeted observations in the CNOP-identified sensitive areas

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98994-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Temporal evolution of the mean vertically-integrated and regionally-averaged temperature biases during the prediction time based on the 20 sets of replace experiments induced by different processes in the target region for ( a ) EXP_perturb versus EXP0, ( b ) EXP_replace_sen vs. EXP0, and ( c ) EXP_replace_tar versus EXP0. Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Article Snippet: Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ) with M_Map v1.4 (a mapping package, http://www.eos.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Improving the thermal structure predictions in the Yellow Sea by conducting targeted observations in the CNOP-identified sensitive areas

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98994-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Difference in the daily averaged currents field at the depth of 10 m between an EXP_replace_sen case and EXP0 at days 1, 3, 5, and 7, respectively. The red box indicates the location of the target region. Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ) with M_Map v1.4 (a mapping package, http://www.eos.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ).

Article Snippet: Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ) with M_Map v1.4 (a mapping package, http://www.eos.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Improving the thermal structure predictions in the Yellow Sea by conducting targeted observations in the CNOP-identified sensitive areas

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98994-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic diagram of the Observing System Simulation Experiments based on the last climatology run. All the assimilation experiments use the results of the nature run as synthetic observations. The assimilated data station locations and the corresponding assimilation times are plotted by the same colors. ( a – c ) Z-shape observation stations (black triangles) designed based on the time-varying sensitive areas (background colors). The red ellipses are fitted to represent the most of the sensitive areas, which are used in the stations design. The gray box indicates the location of the target region. ( d ) The triangle stations denote the targeted observation (TO) stations, their locations are the same as those in ( a – c ), the circle stations indicate the corresponding mirror stations inside the target region. The different deployment times of the observations are distinguished by different colors. Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ) and Microsoft PowerPoint 2016 ( https://office.live.com/start/PowerPoint.aspx ).

Article Snippet: Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ) with M_Map v1.4 (a mapping package, http://www.eos.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Improving the thermal structure predictions in the Yellow Sea by conducting targeted observations in the CNOP-identified sensitive areas

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98994-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Temporal evolution of the temperature profile RMSEs in the target region during the prediction time among the Observing System Simulation Experiments. Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Article Snippet: Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ) with M_Map v1.4 (a mapping package, http://www.eos.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Improving the thermal structure predictions in the Yellow Sea by conducting targeted observations in the CNOP-identified sensitive areas

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98994-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: The RMSEs of daily averaged temperature profiles at five buoys between the four Observing System Experiments and the observations on the first ( a – e ) and 7th ( f – j ) day of prediction, respectively. Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Article Snippet: Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ) with M_Map v1.4 (a mapping package, http://www.eos.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Improving the thermal structure predictions in the Yellow Sea by conducting targeted observations in the CNOP-identified sensitive areas

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98994-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Temporal evolution of the vertically-averaged temperature profile RMSEs at five buoys between the four Observing System Experiments and the observations. Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Article Snippet: Figures are plotted using MATLAB R2017a ( http://www.mathworks.com/ ) with M_Map v1.4 (a mapping package, http://www.eos.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Projecting the effects of climate change on Calanus finmarchicus distribution within the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06524-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Number of samples taken in each 0.25° cell from 1977–2013. Black lines demarcate regions referred to in this paper, which are labeled by black arrowed text. White text marks locations of other features referenced. Figure was created by the first author in MATLAB v2015b (https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html) using the package ‘M_Map’ v1.4 h (https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html).

Article Snippet: Figure was created by the first author in MATLAB v2015b (https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html) using the package ‘M_Map’ v1.4 h (https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html).

Techniques: Labeling

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Projecting the effects of climate change on Calanus finmarchicus distribution within the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06524-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Projected May-June C . finmarchicus density over different time periods and climate scenarios. ( a ) Model hindcast under RCP 8.5. ( b ) Samples taken from 1977–2013. ( c ) Mean 2041–2060 density under RCP 4.5 and ( d ) RCP 8.5. ( e ) Mean 2081–2100 density under RCP 4.5 and ( f ) RCP 8.5. Figure was created by the first author in MATLAB v2015b (https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html) using the package ‘M_Map’ v1.4 h (https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html).

Article Snippet: Figure was created by the first author in MATLAB v2015b (https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html) using the package ‘M_Map’ v1.4 h (https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Projecting the effects of climate change on Calanus finmarchicus distribution within the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06524-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percentage change in C . finmarchicus density between 2081–2100 and present period under RCP 8.5. Negative values indicate a decrease in density. White areas off the shelf were not included in this study. Figure was created by the first author in MATLAB v2015b (https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html) using the package ‘M_Map’ v1.4 h (https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html).

Article Snippet: Figure was created by the first author in MATLAB v2015b (https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html) using the package ‘M_Map’ v1.4 h (https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Projecting the effects of climate change on Calanus finmarchicus distribution within the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06524-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the ensemble (0.25° RCP 8.5) and GFDL (.1° TCR). Time periods are twenty year annual averages for 1986–2005 of the historical ensemble scenario and 2041–2060 of RCP 8.5, compared to the same years 1–20 and 61–80 of GFDL CM 2.6 TCR scenario. ( a ) Early density of ensemble RCP 8.5 and ( b ) GFDL CM 2.6 TCR. ( c ) The percentage change between the late and early time periods of ensemble RCP 8.5 and ( d ) GFDL CM2.6 TCR. ( e ) The difference in the percentage change in density projected by each model (7d-7c). Warm colors indicate that the ensemble projects greater losses than GFDL in those regions. Correlation between the differences projected by the ensemble and GFDL CM 2.6 is 0.51. Figure was created by the first author in MATLAB v2015b (https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html) using the package ‘M_Map’ v1.4 h (https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html).

Article Snippet: Figure was created by the first author in MATLAB v2015b (https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html) using the package ‘M_Map’ v1.4 h (https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html).

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Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Atmospheric–ocean coupling drives prevailing and synchronic dispersal patterns of marine species with long pelagic durations

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29543-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Average sea surface circulation in the western Mediterranean and biological time series locations. The lobster settlement index (LSI, red circles) belongs to different marine protected areas (MPAs) at two sites, one in the northernmost basin (NCat) and three in the Balearic Islands (North, NW and South Mallorca, green area and figure inset) ( a ). The jellyfish stinging index (JSI, blue circles) covered three tourist hot-spot locations in the Balearic Islands with different orientations and exposed to different water masses (E Ibiza, N Mallorca and S Menorca). Squares denote FAO Geographical Statistical SubAreas (GSAs) used to interpret the connectivity of LSI lobster series (see “ ”). The Gulf of Lions (GoL, light orange area) and Balearic Sea (BS, light green area) indicate the areas where ocean-atmosphere fluxes were extracted for comparison against field records. A 10-year climatology of drifter sources (%) reaching either NCat ( b ) or Mallorca ( c ) is displayed as the particle location eight months before the observations (origin). Source geographic locations were aggregated in monthly density maps of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$0.25 \times 0.25^\circ $$\end{document} 0.25 × 0 . 25 ∘ . NC, Northern Current in red. LS, Ligurian Sea. SoG, Strait of Gibraltar. The figure and superimposed maps were created using “M Map: A mapping package for MATLAB”, v.1.4m ( www.eoas.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ) in MATLAB v.R2010b ( www.mathworks.com ).

Article Snippet: The figure and superimposed maps were created using “M Map: A mapping package for MATLAB”, v.1.4m ( www.eoas.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ) in MATLAB v.R2010b ( www.mathworks.com ).

Techniques: Western Blot, Northern Blot

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Atmospheric–ocean coupling drives prevailing and synchronic dispersal patterns of marine species with long pelagic durations

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29543-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Prevailing sources and interannual patterns of LPDP arriving at the target areas after eight months. Temporal ( a , c ) and spatial ( b , d ) representation of the first principal component (PC1) of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis conducted on source areas of individuals based on 120 monthly origin maps (2003–2014) (more details in “ ”). The results are for N. catalonia ( a , b ) and Mallorca ( c , d ). The total explained variance was 29% for N. Catalonia and 44% for Mallorca. Positive PC and EOF values are in red, and negative values are in blue. Original source maps can be reconstructed using the climatology (Fig. b,c) and adding the product of PC1 by EOF values. Therefore, intensified influence as source areas emerges when blue/red areas (from EOF value) and PC value match (blue/red). The figure and superimposed maps were created using “M Map: A mapping package for MATLAB”, v.1.4m ( www.eoas.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ) in MATLAB v.R2010b ( www.mathworks.com ).

Article Snippet: The figure and superimposed maps were created using “M Map: A mapping package for MATLAB”, v.1.4m ( www.eoas.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html ) in MATLAB v.R2010b ( www.mathworks.com ).

Techniques: